Prevention and control of myopia

The existing means of myopia prevention and control focus on relieving visual fatigue and lack of attention to the harsh vision of light pollution. However, visual fatigue is produced during eye use and is closely related to the visual environment, so taking a scientific and healthy approach to improve the effects of light pollution on the eyes is an effective way to relieve visual fatigue and prevent and control myopia.

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Genetic factors

Domestic and international scholars believe that myopia has a genetic predisposition, especially in those with high myopia of 600 degrees or more. This kind of myopia is called congenital myopia and usually shows up before the age of six. Therefore, scholars at home and abroad have focused their research on this aspect. Reports have revealed that there are at least 100,000 genetic codes related to the eye, and after looking for more than 20 genes around the eye, two of them have been found to be closely related to myopia, one of which exists in the peripheral structure of the eye and the other in the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting image information. After the age of 20, myopia tends to develop, and the anterior and posterior diameters of the eye continue to grow. The reason for this is that during youth, endocrine activity and instability, as well as lack of attention to eye hygiene, lead to a lack of inhibitory factors in the body, resulting in an increasing number of myopia.

Developmental factors

According to scholars, infants have small eyes, so they are all farsighted. However, as the eye grows older, it develops to normal by puberty, with an eye axis of 24 mm. If the development is excessive and the eye axis is too long, the eye becomes myopic. It is usually less than 600 degrees. Mild myopia mostly begins at school age and stops developing after age 20. If it progresses rapidly during early childhood, it develops rapidly at the age of 15-20 and then gradually slows down. This type of high myopia, often exceeding 600 degrees, is mostly accompanied by significant axial growth and fundus degeneration. This developmental myopia is most likely to occur before the age of 13 for girls and 15 for boys.

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors can be changed and prevented. Mainly include.

1, the light environment: unreasonable lighting at home, incorrect use of desk lamps.

2, food environment: picky eating, partial eating, eating too much sweet food, etc.

3, eye habits: prolonged closed eye, use of cell phones and computers, watching TV uncontrolled.

4, sitting habits: incorrect reading and writing posture, head tilted, incorrect pencil grip posture, writing desk, and chair height mismatch.

5, Other habits: reading and playing with cell phones while walking or riding the bus.

Prevention and Control

(1) Increase outdoor exercise time, preferably ensuring more than 2 hours of exposure to natural light per day

(2) Insist on doing eye exercises and eye exercises every day.

(3) Insist on three “ones,” namely: eyes one foot away from books, chest one fist away from the table, and hands one inch away from the tip of the pen.

(4) Pay attention to the eye line. It should not be too strong or too dark light to read books, and it is appropriate to use dynamic light sources.

(5) Choose a suitable eye lamp, and ensure that indoor lighting and desk lamps are turned on at the same time.

(6) When reading and writing, look into the distance for 5-10 minutes, around 40-45, to adjust the pupil and relieve eye fatigue.

(7) Do not continuously use the computer for more than one hour, and ensure indoor lighting.

(8) When watching TV, pay attention to the height should be level with the line of sight; the distance between the eye and the fluorescent screen should be 3-5 times the diagonal of the TV, and the indoor light should be illuminated at the same time.